michelle5559686

4th Jun 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Tennis

Tennis is a sport which is derived from the French jeu de paume, in the 11th century. Originally practiced with bare hands the sport progressed to what it is today gaining a large audience of followers interested in the sport.

A usual game of tennis consists of 2, or 4 players both using rackets to hit a ball over the net to each other. Over time the sport has seen variations of the game, changes, and advances in the field of play to make it what it is today.

Feedback:

In a professional setting, the game of tennis relies greatly on referees decisions and instant replays, which is all thanks to the evolution of technology. With this rise in technology sees different ways tennis players train and prepare for competition. One major difference in players now to that compared to 50 years ago on the court is the equipment they use.

Rackets

Rackets used in tennis today are much different from that of the 1940s. As we know from above tennis was once played with bare hands. From this came the wooden racket, to a steel racket. and then in the mid-70s, the first oversized aluminium racket was introduced. By the 80s there was switched over to graphite frames rackets. Fast forward to nowadays and Nadal is using an AeroPro Drive racket with an aerodynamic design. This racket creates smoother and more efficient stroke.

Playing Area

The Playing arena and surfaces in which the tennis athletes play has benefitted greatly from the advancements of technology. Nowadays the playing surfaces are constructed from advanced materials such as clay and concrete, which is much different to materials such as grass used in the 70s.

Video Analysis Biomechanics

Video analysis of players provides coaches with information regarding the biomechanics and general framework of their players when training. This technology allows coaches to source weaker areas of a players swing, which will further help the development of their stroke production.

Injury prevention Techniques

Algorithms are in place in the sport of tennis. Computer technology is available in the sport to track and to create methodologies to decline the chance of future injury. The data is accumulated as injury data, which reports statistics and severity/nature of a players injury and how they got it.

This technology then rolls onto another technology used in professional which pinpoints when to stop playing. The idea of this technology is to create data of players overall health stats to be documented so the coach and athlete know when something is good or bad.

For example, a coach would keep information regarding a players blood pressure levels and cholesterol levels, when this is out of the ordinary it alerts the users. This is also used in competition by medical teams.

Computer Vision

This is a computer vision based technology that tracks players attack and defense such as racket hits, baseline saves and ball tracking technology. This technology allows referees to create a more accurate decision in a professional game, using it to make decisions such as line calls. It is also used as a back up for anything they may have missed. This technology is used by coaches in training purely for video analysis to document their athlete’s statistics, regarding the trajectory of a ball and player. Coaches particularly use ball-tracking technology as a form of feedback to show their athletes where and how to create a certain play.

Information Recording

The way information is recorded in tennis has improved drastically. Coaches are now able to receive data on their athletes simultaneously. An example of this is through a technology called the Tennis iCoach. The data collected includes stats such as Physical, medical, mental technical, tactical and scientific data of player and game.

Broadcasting Tennis

The way in which tennis is broadcasted, and how we watch it at home has changed drastically over the years. Artificial intelligence has given the viewers watching it at home the ability to receive statistics from games as it happens.

It records statistics such as:

The motion of the player
Motion and direction of the ball
Distance traveled by player
Speed and acceleration at anytime
Court coverage patterns (Trajectories)
Automated video highlights

This technology has also granted the ability to research and find data from games years ago and display said information in a matter of seconds. This technological advancement in broadcasting is a key tool used in professional sports and feedback. Coaches are able to replay positions to show the athlete where they can improve, and what went right/wrong. Its these types of transformations that are making the sports more interesting, potentially bringing more viewers and changing the game for the better as we know it.

Another promotional tool used in the tennis world is the use of Artificial Intelligence Clips. This was highlighted at the recent Australian open in January. The A.I technology let fans watch live games using the virtual reality headset, and also gave fans the chance to experience a virtual rod laver arena world and verse their favourite athletes in virtual tennis.

Success in tennis requires a mix of player talent, good coaching, appropriate equipment, and an understanding of those aspects of sports science pertinent to the game. Artificial intelligence used in tennis provides coaches and players the ability to train and play at optimum levels for peak performance. The implementation of video analysis creates a new dimension of feedback for coaches. collection of data through these networks, give coaches more specific and efficient information regarding players body composition and ball handling. Artificial intelligence has allowed for better feedback loops between coach and athlete, which has created the ability to improve players performances.

Boxing

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Boxing:

Boxing is a sport that has been around for a very long time dating back to 7th century BC. It is a combat sport involving two athletes in a boxing ring. The sport involves athletes wearing protective gloves punching each other in the ring for an established amount of time. Whoever comes out standing is the winner. Boxing is both a world championship and an Olympic games event, making its Olympic games debut at the 1904 games in St Louis, USA. Nowadays boxing is seen at many gyms as an everyday exercise routine, as well as in competition in a professional context.

Feedback:

The development and growth of feedback mechanisms in boxing rely greatly on the evolution of technology. Boxing in the late 7th century included gloves made from soft leather thongs holding boxers hands in place. Fast forward to the 1980s and boxing protective headgear come into play. Fast forward again to the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, and electronic scoring systems were in use for more accurate standardised point scoring. Ways in which the competitors train and play advanced, and the way in which coaches trained their athletes evolved with that.

Feedback in boxing has changed greatly in the past 20 years due to the advancements of computer science, and the progression of hardware developments. For coaches, the development of video analysis in boxing matches enabled them to grasp a more in-depth observation of their athlete. The data processing capabilities underlined more accurate feedback regarding areas of improvement such as the speed of punch, body movement, or any areas of the athletes defending/attacking that needed improvement. This data from computers was an important discovery in the field of boxing as it created a new form of feedback not seen in the industry before. This introduction of computer analysis, in which coaches used as a tool for feedback, allowed competitors to learn more about their weakness areas, therefore, enhancing their overall performance in competition.

An article by O’Donoghue, 2006, Discusses the use of video analysis and playback as a form of feedback. It states recording and analysing the statistical information provided by video replay, can provide and identify areas that require attention such as incorrect body position, and accuracy of hit. This type of observation of performance allows for coaches to identify the exact position an error occurred. For the sport of professional boxing, this form of feedback is very effective as coaches and athletes can both visually watch events together and then analyse the performance segment by segment.

Motion Interactive Video recording/Scanning System

This software captures a 360° HD video with infrared emitters, image sensors and optical character recognition for detecting motion and precision of a fighter’s movements while engaged in a fighting match. The athlete wears a pair of smart UFC boxing gloves which are equipped with personalised wrist pulse trackers. These trackers analyse statistics and data such as:

Heart Rate
Blood Pressure (Vital Signs)
Smart Punch (Speed/ Velocity)
Momentum of Body
Impulse of Attack/Defence
Power

The artificial intelligence software used in professional boxing counts and analyses the number of hits by each fighter, as well as noting where the athlete’s body was at the time of the hit. This data is sent directly and simultaneously to the coach, which can then be used for feedback of performance.

Other equipment used with this technology in boxing:

Smart boxing gloves
Smart punching bag
Smart protective cup system
Smart protective head gear
Smart hand wraps

Artificial intelligence has most certainly made its mark in the professional world of boxing. It is becoming the leading source of analysis technology and a key element in enhancing the implementation of training methods amongst professional athlete.

The wearable technology available due to the advancements of artificial intelligence has revolutionised the way professional boxers train. Boxers are now able to wear and train nearly completely covered in A.I technologies. This sport relies greatly on the use of equipment and wearable gear, because of this, A.I has a promising future of growth in this discipline. As well as for professional athletes in this sport, artificial intelligence in boxing has created a new way in which everyday people can train. A. I in boxing can appeal to a wide range of users which will create a boom in the industry. The implementation of artificial intelligence in the professional sport of boxing has created new and contrasting ways to receive and give feedback, as a coach and athlete. It has opened doors to the way boxers train, fight and learn.

For coaches and athletes, artificial intelligence used in the sport of boxing has created a new dimension of play, and it will be interesting to see what the future holds, specifically in this field of professional sport.

Soccer

28th May 20195th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Soccer:

Feedback:

Artificial Intelligence in Soccer:

Microwaves: Specialized on the demands of soccer, a research group has
recently demonstrated the necessary basic capabilities of microwave technology for the purpose of real-time position tracking [11]. Practical tests in football
were devoted to the control of the goal line to provide objective decisions on
goal/no goal. The achieved precision was not fully satisfactory for this aim.
Nevertheless this remains a promising technology, because for scientifi c purposes or for coaching a much lower precision may be tolerated. Microwave technology requires active tags for players and ball, too. – source is : https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/9781845640644/9781845640644004FU1.pdf

Image processing: An unchallenged feature of RTPA by image processing is
that the players and the ball need not to be equipped by any tags, which is a
great advantage in terms of the necessary compliance of clubs and associations.
Along with nowadays ubiquitous digital video, position detection by image
processing came into the reach of users outside of computer science. In football,
semi-automatic position tracking is commercially available and run regularly by
leading European clubs.

An example of Artificial Intelligence creating better forms of feedback than a coach could is through notational analysis. Notational analysis is the analysis of movement, technical and tactical evaluation, and statistical compilation(James, 2006). This technology is being used across a broad range of different sports such as NFL and soccer. the idea of the technology is to analyse different parts of an athletes performance by using codes to compare data from specific events in the past. This type of stored data and ability to retrieve data at any given time is humanly impossible. This highlights the benefits artificial intelligence has over coaches. A.I easily stores more information, and would be quicker at locating sources for plays and information one athletes.

Given that one of the main tasks for a coach is also to analyse sports performance, so that feedback may be given to players and future training sessions planned, it seems likely that notational analysis would be a useful technique for coaches.

Moral and ethical issues references

In-text: (James, 2006)

James, N. (2006). The Role of Notational Analysis in Soccer Coaching. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 1(2), pp.185-198.

Summary

Summary of Artificial Intelligence in Professional Sports

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

How has the advancements of artificial intelligence, through the feedback of performance, contributed to the enhancement of professional sports?

As shown throughout my website, Artificial Intelligence has created a large impact on how we view, learn and play sports. Professional sporting teams and athletes have the ability to work side by side with this technology as it evolves into bigger and better things. Artificial intelligence has become a very reliable source of feedback in professional sports, and it is clear that coaches are using technology across a range of different disciplines.

The ability to store data and analyse an athlete simultaneously is nothing but extraordinary. Artificial intelligence has changed the way athletes use and view their bodies in training and performance. Artificial intelligence as a form of feedback has enabled professional athletes to see things in a way never seen before, these enhancements will keep people in sports longer, motivating athletes to stay focused for competition. Feedback through the use and implementation of artificial intelligence has allowed athletes to become the best versions of themselves, allowing the ability for athletes to perform and train at their optimum performance levels.

Artificial intelligence also allows coaches to improve in their role. A. I technologies such as video analysis and computing software creating data collection, creates more ways for coaches to gain a better understanding of their desired discipline. The technologies ability to store data and retrieve statistics simultaneously creates a faster more reliable tool for coaches. These advancements in the professional sporting world can, therefore, create stronger and more intelligent coaches, which can then create stronger and better athletes.

All the advancements of artificial intelligence I have listed on this website are key examples of the contributions A.I has made to the enhancements of professional sports through feedback. Artificial intelligence has created so many new processes of communicating feedback in professional sports.

Artificial intelligence has transformed feedback in training, in a professional context, and in everyday sports. The overall impact it has had on society is overwhelmingly large. The innovation A.I have now and into the future relies greatly on humans ability to let this new technology in, for it to grow, and for athletes and coaches to work side by side with the new ever growing intelligence.

Finally….heres a photo of myself doing the sport i love 🙂

Importance of Feedback

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

The Importance of Feedback:

Feedback is a strong external stimulus which can provide positive or negative reinforcement to behaviour. Feedback is a very important powerful tool used in many industries. It is important in the structure of business/personal development as it serves as a guide in improvement. Feedback has the ability to track performance and assists an individual to achieve their goals, by guiding an individual to success and highlighting where to improve. This is important as it is creating a new way of viewing how one sees themselves, and viewing things from a different perspective.

Feedback is a motivational tool, enhancing performance levels and helping with productivity. It allows for a CEO or a coach to communicate with their team more effectively, which then has the ability to create a better atmosphere to work or play in, and hopefully delivering better results.

The Importance of Feedback in Professional Sports:

A study in 1983 by Bandura, A., & Cervone, D. Tested the hypothesis that self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms mediate the effects of goal systems on performance motivation. The trials consisted of 4 focus groups of 80 cyclists, monitoring improvements in performance levels.

Group 1 had specific performance goals.
Group 2 had no goals but had performance feedback from coaches.
Group 3 had specific goals allocated at the beginning as well as feedback received throughout.
Group 4 had no goals in place, nor did they receive any feedback throughout.

Results: Group 4 had the least amount of improvement in their performance compared to the other focus groups, falling very much behind on overall performance level. Group 3 improved their performance levels four times more effectively than any other group.

This is a prime example as to why feedback is an important tool of communication to improve performance, especially in a sporting context. Feedback allows coaches to communicate to their athletes how they are performing in relation to their expectations of where they should be, making it a critical component of teaching skills at professional levels.

What is feedback?

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Feedback is defined as information that is provided or received regarding aspects of performance or behaviour output. It is used to maintain and promote goal-oriented behaviour.

Feedback is used in many aspects of everyday life such as education and. It is a very important management tool as feedback serves as a guide to achieve better results.

Positives/ Negatives of Feedback:

Positive aspects include:

Good Motivational Tool
Constant access (Always Available)
Can help improve performance levels
Continued learning tool
Good for self evaluation
Can help solving problems
Creates confidence in ones self
Promotes engagement
Reduces uncertainty
Great communication method

Negative aspects include:

Harm bond between coach and athlete
Self esteem levels
Self doubt ( lose passion for the game)
lowers performance levels (depending on athlete)

Picture: Me competing in Hobart, Tasmania 2018.

As well as positive and negative aspects of feedback, feedback is a balance of both areas as it provides the user with more accurate results. For example as an athlete, acknowledging the positive and negative aspects of feedback as a tool allows for a better understanding of the whole performance level. One example I can use in my experience that highlights this more is after a swimming race a coach may have feedback for the swimmer which may be negative such as your stroke rate was very high in that last 50 meters, and your reaction time off the block was not quick enough. These kinds of negative feedback loops can help you as an athlete to become a better performer.

Picture: A photo i took at Oak Flats Olympic Swimming Pool, 2019

References

References used in Website:

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Artificial Intelligence References:

Oxford Dictionaries | English 2019, artificial intelligence | Definition of artificial intelligence in English by Oxford Dictionaries, viewed 18 May 2019, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/artificial_intelligence>.

Pluim, B, 2014, ‘The evolution and impact of science in tennis: eight advances for performance and health’, British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol.48, no.1, pp.13-15.

Unsplash, 2016, Gold Medal Olympics, image, viewed 1 Jun 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/CBXJ6ljSDzM>.

Unsplash, 2013, Computer Files, image, viewed 16 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/466ENaLuhLY>.

Unsplash, 2012, Junior American Football Game, image, viewed 19 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/BAFVlOyP9ms>.

Unsplash, 2018, Together Now, image, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/2FPjlAyMQTA>.

Unsplash, 2018, Macro Referee, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/MgIPNC8TG1c>.

Unsplash, 2019, Camera Man, image, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/IuT4XqfabPs>.

Unsplash, 2016, Keyboard, image, viewed 16 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/yRAK7Vcyl_Q>.

Unsplash, 2013, Apple Watch, viewed 12 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/M31VSuBSf0g>.

Unsplash, 2015, Dirty Hands, viewed 12 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/jIBMSMs4_kA>.

Unsplash, 2018, The Flesh is Weak, viewed 18 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/JjGXjESMxOY>.

Feedback References:

Bandura, A, & Cervone, D 1983, ‘Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.45, no.5, pp.1017-1028.

Butler, R, 1987, ‘Task-involving and ego-involving properties of evaluation: Effects of different feedback conditions on motivational perceptions, interest, and performance’, Journal of Educational Psychology, vol.79, no.4, pp 474-482

Hattie, J & Timp, H, 2007, ‘The Power of Feedback’, Review of Educational Research, vol. 77, no.1, pp. 81-112.

Hillman, L, Schwandt, D, & Bartz, D, 1990, ‘Enhancing staff members performance through feedback and coaching’, Journal of Management Development, vol.9, no.3, pp 20-27.

Price, M, Handley, K, Millar J, & O’Donovan, B 2010, ‘Feedback:all that effort, but what is the effect?’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, vol.35, no. 3, pp.277-289.

Unsplash 2010, Hockey Team, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/tYivPd425DU>.

Unsplash 2019, Basketball Team, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/WNJVjkjkh44>.

Unsplash 2011, Cycling Spain, viewed 12 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/GPm3boXMtYQ>.

Unsplash, NFL Irving, viewed 15 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/_Rgg9tXXN84>.

Swimming References:

Creative Commons, 2019, Beijing 2008 Olympics, image, viewed 11 May 2019, <https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/ae57fc13-77fd-45cc-af8c-547b38538329>.

Edelmann-nusser, J, Hohmann, A & Henneberg, B 2002, ‘Modeling and prediction of competitive performance in swimming upon neural networks’, European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 2, no.2, pp.1-10.

Morley, C 1968, ‘Electronic swim timer controlled by touch pad in swim lane’, National Research Development Corp UK, vol.5, no.1, pp.1-5.

Ohgi, Y, Ichikawa, H & Miyaji, C 2002, ‘Microcomputer-based Acceleration Sensor Device for Swimming Stroke Monitoring’, JSME International Journal Series C, vol.45, no.4, pp.960-966.

Pixabay, 2014, Competition swimming, image, viewed 16 May 2019, <https://pixabay.com/photos/competition-swimming-water-swimmer-407298/>.

Unsplash, 2016, Gold Medal Olympics, image, viewed 1 Jun 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/CBXJ6ljSDzM>.

Unsplash, 2017, Lane Swimmer, image, viewed 1 Jun 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/G8OyN_tOIwY>.

Unsplash, 2016, Pool, image, viewed 26 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/QGdRrty4054>.

Tennis References:

ARN from IDG 2019, How Infosys is using AWS to bring AI to the Australian Open, viewed 28 May 2019, <https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/656666/how-infosys-using-aws-bring-ai-australian-open/

Elliott, B 2006, ‘Biomechanics and Tennis’, British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol.40, no.5, pp. 392-396.

Miller, S 2006, Modern tennis rackets, balls, and surfaces, British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol.40, no.5, pp.6-9.

Pingali, G, Jean, Y, & Carlbom, I 1998, ‘Real time tracking for enhanced tennis broadcasts’, Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5-9.

Pluim, B 2014, The evolution and impact of science in tennis: eight advances for performance and health, British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol.48, no.1, pp.13-15.

Olympic Committee 2019, A Brief History of Tennis, viewed 29 May 2019, <https://www.olympic.org/news/a-brief-history-of-tennis>.

Unsplash 2015, Tennis Court, image, viewed 19 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/WqI-PbYugn4>.

Unsplash 2018, Often the rain in life shows us the best reflection of who we truly are, image, viewed 14 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/sI-p_NLBNr0>.

Unsplash 2014, Tennis Serve, image, viewed 23 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/MLU_X1d3ofQ>.

Unsplash 2018, Tennis or akiva, image, viewed 14 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/uZmr0wwfHNA>.

Unsplash 2019, You can’t focus on other people’s careers. Everybody is different, image, viewed 23 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/YSfTcJZR-ws>.

Unsplash 2015, Ball and Tennis, image, viewed 20 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/12Ozc-VG9pQ>.

Unsplash 2016, Wimbledon London, image, viewed 21 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/oKGA3376eGE>.

Unsplash 2017, Tennis Court, viewed 25 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/M4-7-eOvoSo>.

Unsplash 2012, Roger Federer serving during one of his matches at the 2012 London Olympics, image, viewed 25 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/JWmfUpVm8mg>.

Boxing References:

International Olympic Committee 2019, BOXING: History of Boxing at the Olympic Games, Olympics, viewed 28 May 2019, <https://stillmed.olympic.org/AssetsDocs/OSC%20Section/pdf/QR_sports_summer/Sports_olympiques_boxe%20_eng.pdf>.

International Olympic Committee 2019, Boxing Equipment, Olympics, viewed 28 May 2019, <https://www.olympic.org/boxing-equipment-and-history>.

Lames, M 2006, ‘Coaching and Computer Science’, The Technical University of Munich, vol. 3, no.4, pp.7-11.

O’Donoghue, P 2006, ‘The Use of Feedback videos in Sport’, International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, vol.6, no.2, pp.1-14.

United States Patent Application Publication 2018, Motion Interactive Video Recording for Fighters in a Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing Match, viewed 26 May 2019, <https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a8/9f/4d/ea127b7d933744/US20180001141A1.pdf>.

Unsplash 2017, Ringside at a Muay Thai fight in Chiang Mai Thailand, image, viewed 17 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/AM7pEI1v-qw>.

Unsplash 2016, Direct Hit, image, viewed 19 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/qbf59TU077Q>.

Unsplash 2019, Roughly two minutes and 15 seconds before Omar won his IKF belt and his fourteenth fight in a row, image, viewed 27 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/sf0qE4XehbI>.

Unsplash 2014, New York Boxing Fight, image, viewed 28 May 2019, <https://unsplash.com/photos/rdZg6xmnpVM>.

Moral and Ethical Issues

Moral and Ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

With the rise of Artificial intelligence, there are many positive aspects, but there are also many moral and ethical issues. In a professional sporting context, Artificial intelligence is a very new construct. Coaches across a range of sports are relying on computing technologies to create more specific feedback channels to use with their athletes. It has opened new doors to how we learn and it has enabled coaches to communicate with their athletes like never before.

Artificial intelligence has the ability to amplify human effectiveness but it also can threaten human capabilities. There is still a lot we do not know about the technology and we are learning new things from it every day. Artificial intelligence is quickly becoming the new driving force behind sports performance and entertainment delivery. Feedback in professional sports has and is heading in the direction of a digital format. Within this reliance of A.I, is the human race getting lazy? Is A.I leaving little to no chance for human interaction?

Will Artificial Intelligence Replace Coaches?

An article I found discusses concerns around artificial intelligence stating it may, in fact, threaten the survival of humanity, raising concerns about the ability for this computerised technology to become super-intelligent (Dietterich, T, & Horvitz, E, 2015). In a professional sporting context, this idea may be concerning to coaches as artificial intelligence could potentially have the capability to provide more effective and efficient feedback resources and have the ability to go above and beyond anything a coach could ever do, in regard to locating statistics and data to help athletes.

Computing technologies have been doing the hard yards in the form of data analysis for a few decades now. An example of this can be found through artificial intelligences use of notational analysis. A notational analysis is the analysis of movement, technical and tactical evaluation, and statistical compilation (James, 2006). This technology is being used across a broad range of different sports such as NFL and Soccer. The idea of the technology is to analyse different parts of an athletes performance by using codes to compare data from specific events in the past. This technology gives sports teams a competitive edge over other teams. This ability to retrieve stored data at any given time is humanly impossible. Will coaches begin to be undervalued by their athletes due to the ability of A.I in comparison? Would there even be a need for human interaction in providing feedback for professional athletes?

Another example I know from my competitive years of swimming, which is also highlighted in my swimming section, is the introduction of the Electronic Timing Pads. This technology eliminated the need for human timekeepers and replaced them with touchpads. This meant people weren’t needed in that position anymore. Artificial intelligence can easily retain race information, making it a quicker, more accurate source of information for events and feedback analysis. The rise of A.I could potentially leave coaches out of jobs, and result in professional athletes communicating solely with computing technologies, rather than human to human interaction to receive feedback of performance.

Other issues facing Artificial Intelligence

Privacy of data:

This could include an athlete’s private information such as health data and sports performance being leaked and shared to their competitors.

Finance:

How is it fair for countries with a lower socio-economic status to keep up with the bigger countries if the larger countries have all this technology to benefit their athlete’s performance? This aspect of who controls Artificial intelligence and who can afford artificial intelligence would affect a team or athlete greatly in regard to international competitions such as world cups or the Olympics.

When or if A.I is a coach of a team, who receives the money when they win? Does Artificial Intelligence such as a robot get a salary?

Artificial Intelligence used in professional sporting teams may be a money saver by not employing and having to pay for human labour, such as coaches and staff. This saves money and cuts costs for professional companies and teams.

Regulating Sports:

Making sure there are rules and regulations in place for the use of devices and technology in sports. This is important as it regulates the fairness of teams and players in professional sports, making sure there are rules and laws in play to protect each player. An example of this can include the use of smartwatches in competition. Some smartwatches are banned in professional competition as you are not allowed to wear anything else but specific uniform, i.e swimming only FINA approved suit in racing.

When making guidelines for Artificial Intelligence, each sport would be different. It would be important when creating guidelines to first acknowledge the differences within each field of sport, this would then allow you to create rules and regulations that would work for each context.

To help with the implementation of this technology, there should be long and short term rules in place. This is because as humans evolve, so shall the technology we use. The rules should also evolve with this motion, to keep up with the latest trends and issues that may arise. Just as ethical values are installed in our laws, ethical practices for artificial intelligence are needed, as it will provide order. The guidelines and laws relating to artificial intelligence should primarily reflect moral, ethical, political and economical global standards, so each and every aspect of its technology is conforming to a standard of what is right and good.

The Role of A.I in Professional Sports

What is artificial Intelligences role in professional sports?

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Artificial intelligence plays a large role in shaping the future of professional sports. Artificial intelligence is a combination of science and engineering. Within a sporting context, it analyses and studies the relationship of communication between human and machine, via various types of media. Artificial intelligence has a very important role in how we view and play sports today. From tennis to the NFL, the majority of professional sports incorporate artificial intelligence in one way or another.

As technology evolves the way in which we teach and learn and play sports evolves. Artificial intelligence paves the path for new differing ways of performing skills and drills, and attaining optimum performance levels amongst professional athletes. But it is not just professional athletes gaining from this kind of technology, Media industries, and sports advertising rates are at an all-time high. Here are some examples of other ways A.I has impacted the sports industries:

Recruitment of players:
The Artificial intelligence computing evaluations of players and athletes statistics allows for coaches and managers to create the strongest team.

Chat Robots:
These are virtual assistants used to respond to team queries such as fan mail, team statistics or live sports updates.

Advertising:
Artificial intelligence has the ability to translate sports viewership to multiple languages from viewer location. It also includes online advertisements structured based around your sporting preferences as a viewer.

Broadcasting:
In regard to broadcasting, Artificial intelligence has the ability to create Instant replays of sports movements on television for referees to playback. This turnaround can form video highlights from a sporting match within minutes, which can display information that a human couldn’t possibly create and research as fast.

The artificial intelligence in broadcasting also enables certain matches to record stadium and fan noise, which then can be used to analyse marketing statistics, improving an events revenue.

A.I in broadcasting include social media analytics which discovers trends in the media, to create studies on agendas such as who is the best player on the team? or what was the good points about the match played today. In sports such as NRL and NFL, artificial intelligence has the ability to draw statistics from decades ago to compare data trends in field of play today.

Refereeing:
Robot referees are being created to analyse vast amounts of data in shorter amounts of time than a human referee would be able to. This concept would save time and create more accurate results.

Importance of A.I

What is the importance of Artificial Intelligence?

28th May 20198th Jun 2019 michelle5559686

Artificial intelligence is of great importance as it is a new and futuristic construct. This technology undertakes tasks that humans may not need or have time to complete. The development of the extent of A.I is constantly evolving and its purpose is expanding rapidly. Artificial intelligence is the way of the future.

Artificial intelligence has created this possibility to view, play and teach sports on a higher more excelled level than ever before. Artificial intelligence is altering the world we live, and opening the doors of the future of communication in sport. Artificial intelligence is important now and going into the future as it is creating a new level of receiving and delivering information. It is also important as it raises multiple questions regarding the pros and cons of this new evolving technology.